Accuracy of 3.0T magnetic resonance angiography for the detection of arteriovenous fistula dysfunction in hemodialysis patients requiring interventional therapy: a prospective study.

Background: Color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) is feasible to detect arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction in hemodialysis patients but is not sufficient to map the structure of fistula required for interventions. This study is designed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) at 3.0T versus CDUS for AVF dysfunction, by using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as reference. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 68 consecutive patients with dysfunctional AVF who underwent both CDUS and TOF-MRA at Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The analysis of the dysfunctional AVFs was divided into three regions: the feeding artery, fistula and draining veins. In the whole- and per-regional-based analyses, two observers who were blinded to the clinical and DSA results independently analyzed all CDUS and TOF-MRA datasets. The image quality and stenosis severity of the lesions on TOF-MRA were evaluated. A receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to analyze the detection of AVF dysfunction with TOF-MRA. Results: A total of 204 vessel regions were evaluated. The whole-region-based image quality of TOF-MRA was poorer in patients with a total occlusion (1.8±0.8) than in those with stenosis (2.7±0.6, P<0.001). In the whole-region analyses, TOF-MRA had higher sensitivity [99.1% (94.6-100.0%) vs. 82.9% (74.6-89.0%), P<0.001] and similar specificity [93.1% (85.0-97.1%) vs. 94.3% (86.5-97.9%), P=0.755] than CDUS. The per-region-based analyses showed that TOF-MRA yielded higher sensitivity [fistula region, 98.1% (88.4-99.9%) vs. 80.8% (67.0-89.9%); P=0.004; draining vein region, 100.0% (92.5-100.0%) vs. 85.0% (72.9-2.5%); P=0.003] and similar specificity [fistula region, 88.2% (62.3-97.8%) vs. 88.2% (62.3-97.9%); P>0.99; draining vein region, 100.0% (59.8-100.0%) vs. 87.5% (46.7-99.3%); P>0.99] than CDUS. Sensitivity and specificity of TOF-MRA were comparable to those of CDUS in feeding artery region. Conclusions: TOF-MRA is a feasible and accurate method to display AVF dysfunction in hemodialysis patients, and this method might fulfill the endovascular treatment planning requirements.

Mineral crude drug mirabilite (Mangxiao) inhibits the occurrence of colorectal cancer by regulating the Lactobacillus-bile acid-intestinal farnesoid X receptor axis based on multiomics integration analysis.

Mineral crude drug has revolutionized the treatment landscape in precision oncology niche that leads to the improvement in therapeutic efficiency on various tumor subtypes. Mangxiao (MX), a mineral crude drug in traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for treating gastrointestinal diseases for thousands of years. However, the action mechanisms are still ambiguous. Here, we attempt to explore inhibitory roles and associated pharmacological mechanisms of MX upon colorectal cancer (CRC) in APCMin/+ male mice by integrating metabolomics, 16S rDNA sequencing analyses, and metagenomic-based microbiota analysis. We found that MX can significantly inhibit the occurrence of CRC through the regulation of the dysregulated gut microbe metabolism. Furthermore, the correlation analysis of metabolomes and 16S rDNA revealed that MX could restore the disorders of gut microbes by specifically enriching the abundance of Lactobacilli to improve bile acid metabolism, which further activated the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in CRC mice, then the improvement of gut dysbiosis could inhibit the development of CRC. Collectively, our effort confirmed MX has the capacity to intervene the development of CRC and further discovered that it targets Lactobacillus-bile acid-intestinal FXR axis, which can be regarded as a candidate medicine for future drug discovery and development against CRC.

The CaMK Family Differentially Promotes Necroptosis and Mouse Cardiac Graft Injury and Rejection.

Organ transplantation is associated with various forms of programmed cell death which can accelerate transplant injury and rejection. Targeting cell death in donor organs may represent a novel strategy for preventing allograft injury. We have previously demonstrated that necroptosis plays a key role in promoting transplant injury. Recently, we have found that mitochondria function is linked to necroptosis. However, it remains unknown how necroptosis signaling pathways regulate mitochondrial function during necroptosis. In this study, we investigated the receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and necroptosis. We demonstrate that the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) family members CaMK1, 2, and 4 form a complex with RIPK3 in mouse cardiac endothelial cells, to promote trans-phosphorylation during necroptosis. CaMK1 and 4 directly activated the dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1), while CaMK2 indirectly activated Drp1 via the phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5). The inhibition of CaMKs restored mitochondrial function and effectively prevented endothelial cell death. CaMKs inhibition inhibited activation of CaMKs and Drp1, and cell death and heart tissue injury (n = 6/group, p < 0.01) in a murine model of cardiac transplantation. Importantly, the inhibition of CaMKs greatly prolonged heart graft survival (n = 8/group, p < 0.01). In conclusion, CaMK family members orchestrate cell death in two different pathways and may be potential therapeutic targets in preventing cell death and transplant injury.

Unraveling DDIT4 in the VDR-mTOR pathway: a novel target for drug discovery in diabetic kidney disease.

Introduction: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) necessitates innovative therapeutic strategies. This study delves into the role of DNA damage-inducing transcription factor 4 (DDIT4) within the VDR-mTOR pathway, aiming to identify a novel target for DKD drug discovery. Methods: Transcriptome data from the Gene Expression Omnibus Database were analyzed to assess the expression of mTOR and VDR expression in human renal tissues. Clinical samples from DKD patients and minimal change disease (MCD) controls were examined, and a DKD animal model using 20-week-old db/db mice was established. DDIT4 plasmid transfection was employed to modulate the VDR-mTOR pathway, with its components evaluated using immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Changes in the expression of the VDR-mTOR pathway were observed in both DKD patients and the animal model. Overexpression of DDIT4 increased VDR expression and decreased levels of mTOR, p70s6k, and 4E-BP1. Furthermore, DDIT4 treatment regulated autophagy by upregulating LC3I expression and downregulating LC3II expression. Notably, DDIT4 alleviated oxidative stress by reducing the levels of lipid peroxidation product MDA, while simultaneously increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), underscoring the role of DDIT4 in the pathological process of DKD and its potential as a therapeutic target. Conclusion: Unraveling DDIT4's involvement in the VDR-mTOR pathway provides insights for innovative DKD drug discovery, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic target for future interventions.

Safety and efficacy of protective stent insertion to prevent carotid blowout syndrome at the distal internal carotid artery in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients: a comparison with endovascular occlusion.

Background: Carotid blowout syndrome (CBS) frequently occurs at the distal internal carotid artery (distal-ICA) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and remedial treatments run a high risk for neurologic complications. A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of protective stent insertion at the distal-ICA to prevent CBS in NPC patients, with a comparison to endovascular coil occlusion. Methods: A total of 28 consecutive NPC patients at high risk of CBS from June 2019 to December 2021 in Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital (a tertiary institution) were retrospectively included and divided into a stent protection group and occlusion group. Technique feasibility, treatment outcomes and neurological deficiency were compared between the two groups by two-sample test. Kaplan-Meier analysis compared patients' survival rates at mid-term follow-up. Results: Stent insertion was performed in 15 patients and ICA occlusion in 13 patients. The technical success rate was 100% in both groups. Procedure-related ischemic stroke was identified in 2 patients (15.4%) in the occlusion group, compared with none in the stent protection group. Bleeding was encountered in one patient in the stent protection group and one patient in the occlusion group, each. During a median follow-up of 10.5 (range, 2-31) months, 3 patients (20%) showed asymptomatic in-stent occlusion in the stent protection group. Notably, the median survival time was significantly longer in the stent protection group than in the occlusion group (23.3 vs. 15.8 months, P=0.04). Conclusions: Protective stenting the distal-ICA was similarly effective in preventing CBS in NPC patients but was safer than endovascular occlusion of ICA.

Predictors of Cognitive Functions After Stroke Assessed Using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale: A Retrospective Study.

Background: The mechanism(s) of cognitive impairment remains complex, making it difficult to confirm the factors influencing poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Objective: This study quantitatively investigated the degree of influence and interactions of clinical indicators of PSCI. Methods: Information from 270 patients with PSCI and their Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-RC) scores, totaling 18 indicators, were retrospectively collected. Correlations between the indicators and WAIS scores were calculated. Multiple linear regression model(MLR), genetic algorithm modified Back-Propagation neural network(GA-BP), logistic regression model (LR), XGBoost model (XGB), and structural equation model were used to analyze the degree of influence of factors on the WAIS and their mediating effects. Results: Seven indicators were significantly correlated with the WAIS scores: education, lesion side, aphasia, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, diffuse lesions, and disease course. The MLR showed significant effect of education, lesion side, aphasia, diffuse lesions, and frontal lobe on the WAIS. The GA-BP included five factors: education, aphasia, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and diffuse lesions. LR predicted that the lesion side contributed more to mild cognitive impairment, while education, lesion side, aphasia, and course of the disease contributed more to severe cognitive impairment. XGB showed that education, side of the lesion, aphasia, and diffuse lesions contributed the most to PSCI. Aphasia plays a significant mediating role in patients with severe PSCI. Conclusions: Education, lesion side, aphasia, frontal lobe, and diffuse lesions significantly affected PSCI. Aphasia is a mediating variable between clinical information and the WAIS in patients with severe PSCI.

Prevalence and immunopathologic characteristics of seropositive and seronegative hepatitis B virus-associated membranous nephropathy: a retrospective study of 420 biopsy-proven cases.

BACKGROUND: This retrospective study aims to investigate the prevalence and immunopathologic characteristics of seropositive and seronegative hepatitis B virus-associated membranous nephropathy (HBV-MN). METHODS: Clinicopathologic and serologic records of 420 patients with histologically confirmed HBV-MN between January 2014 and July 2021 were examined to determine the prevalence of seropositive and seronegative HBV-MN. Serum anti-PLA2R antibody testing was conducted on 280 patients with HBV-associated membranous nephropathy (HBV-MN) from August 2018 to July 2021. Immunopathologic characteristics of HBV-MN patients and anti-PLA2R antibody positivity were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 420 pathologically confirmed HBV-MN patients, 230 (54.8%) were seropositive for HBV. The seropositive group exhibited higher blood creatinine values and incidence of liver function abnormalities than the seronegative group (p < .05). Serum anti-PLA2R antibody testing on 280 HBV-MN patients revealed a total positive rate of 44.6%, with the seronegative group showing a significantly higher rate (62.6%) compared to the seropositive group (32.1%) (p < .01). The anti-PLA2R antibody-positive group displayed higher levels of urine protein (p < .05), serum cholesterol (p < .01), and IgG4 subtypes (p < .05) compared to the negative group. Additionally, the positive group had significantly lower levels of serum albumin and IgG than the negative group (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive study reveals a significantly higher prevalence of seronegative HBV-MN than previously thought. The blood creatinine values and incidence of liver function abnormalities was higher in the serology-positive group than in the serology-negative group. Notably, the seronegative group displayed a higher positive rate of anti-PLA2R antibodies compared to the seropositive group, indicating distinctive clinical and immunopathologic features.

Impact of leukoaraiosis on the infarct growth rate and clinical outcome in acute large vessel occlusion stroke after endovascular thrombectomy.

INTRODUCTION: As a marker of chronic cerebral small vessel disease, leukoaraiosis (LA) was reported to impact the recruitment of collaterals in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We intended to explore the impact of LA on the infarct growth rate (IGR) and clinical outcome by impaired collateral development in AIS patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) who underwent endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred thirty-six AIS patients who underwent EVT were retrospectively reviewed. The severity of LA was graded using the Fazekas scale with non-contrast CT. IGR was calculated by the acute core volume on CT perfusion divided by the time from stroke onset to imaging. The collateral status after LVO was assessed using the ASITN/SIR collateral scale. The clinical outcomes after EVT were evaluated using a modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The Alberta stroke program early CT score (ASPECTS), the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission, and the modified treatment in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score after EVT were also included. Correlations between those factors were analyzed. RESULTS: Patients with severe LA had significantly larger core volume on CTP (p = 0.022) and lower collateral grade (p < 0.001). Faster IGR was significantly associated with higher LA severity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.02-2.33; p = 0.046), higher NIHSS (aOR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.00-1.09; p = 0.032) and impaired collaterals (aOR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.27-4.03; p = 0.005). In mediation analysis, collaterals explained 33% of the effect of LA on fast IGR. There was correlation between the severity of LA and mRS (p = 0.007). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The increasing severity of LA is associated with impaired collateral status and fast infarct growth. These findings suggest that LA may become a predictive imaging biomarker for the likelihood of progression of tissue injury and clinical outcome after EVT in acute large vessel occlusion stroke.

A Printed Dipole Array with Bidirectional Endfire Radiation for Tunnel Communication.

Tunnel communication always suffers from path loss and multipath effects caused by surrounding walls. Meanwhile, the traditional leaky coaxial cables are expensive to deploy, inconvenient to operate, and difficult to maintain, leading to many problems in practical use. To solve the abovementioned problems, a low-profile printed dipole array operating at 3.5 GHz with bidirectional endfire radiation is designed based on the method of maximum power transmission efficiency (MMPTE). By setting two virtual test receiving dipoles at the two opposite endfire directions and then maximizing the power transmission efficiency between the printed dipole array to be designed and the test receiving antennas, the optimal amplitudes and phases for the array elements are obtained. Based on the optimal distributions of excitations, the simulation results show that the proposed eight-element printed dipole array can simultaneously generate two mirrored endfire beams towards opposite directions. Furthermore, the corresponding normalized cross-polarization levels are lower than -22.3 dBi both in the azimuth and elevation planes. The peak endfire gain is 10.7 dBi with maintenance of higher than 10 dBi from 3.23 GHz to 3.66 GHz, which is suitable for tunnel communication.

Dendritic Cell-Mimicking Nanoparticles Promote mRNA Delivery to Lymphoid Organs.

Spleen and lymphoid organs are important targets for messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery in various applications. Current nanoparticle delivery methods rely on drainage to lymph nodes from intramuscular or subcutaneous injections. In difficult-to-transfect antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells (DCs), effective mRNA transfection remains a significant challenge. In this study, a lymphatic targeting carrier using DC membranes is developed, that efficiently migrated to lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes. The nanoparticles contained an ionizable lipid (YK009), which ensured a high encapsulation efficacy of mRNA and assisted mRNA with endosomal escape after cellular uptake. Dendritic cell-mimicking nanoparticles (DCMNPs) showed efficient protein expression in both the spleen and lymph nodes after intramuscular injections. Moreover, in immunized mice, DCMNP vaccination elicited Spike-specific IgG antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and Th1-biased SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular immunity. This work presents a powerful vaccine formula using DCMNPs, which represents a promising vaccine candidate for further research and development.

[Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Different Functional Zones in Baoji in Summer].

The situation of air pollution in Guanzhong Plain has been increasing in recent years; hence, it is very important to study the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their health risks in urban functional zones. We analyzed 115 VOCs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/hydrogen ion flame detector (GC-MS/FID) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at four sampling sites in the traffic, comprehensive, industrial, and scenic zones of Baoji. We analyzed the main components and key species in the different functional zones. Ozone formation potential (OFP),·OH consumption rate (L·OH), and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) were used to evaluate the environmental impact, and the hazard index (HI) and lifetime cancer risk (LCR) methods were employed. The results revealed that the mean values of φ(TVOCs) in the traffic, comprehensive, industrial, and scenic zones were (59.63±23.85)×10-9, (42.92±11.88)×10-9, (60.27±24.09)×10-9, and (55.54±7.44)×10-9, respectively. The dominant contributors at the traffic zone were alkanes, and those at the other functional zones were OVOCs. Acetaldehyde, acetone, n-butane, and isopentane were abundant at different functional zones. According to the characteristic ratios of VOCs, the average ratio of toluene to benzene (T/B) at the traffic, comprehensive, industrial, and scenic zones were 1.84, 2.39, 1.28, and 1.64, respectively, and the ratio of iso-pentane to n-pentane (i/n) was mainly between 1 and 4. The results indicated that VOCs in Baoji were significantly affected by vehicle emissions and gasoline evaporation, biomass and coal combustion, and industrial coatings and foundry. The ratio of m/p-xylene to ethylbenzene (X/E) was lower than 2 at the four functional zones, and the minimum was 1.79 at the scenic zones; the results revealed that X/E was small, and the aging degree of air masses was high, indicating the influence of regional transport. According to the ratio of formaldehyde to acetaldehyde (C1/C2) and the ratio of acetaldehyde to propanal (C2/C3), it was suggested that there may have been evident anthropogenic emission sources, and the photochemical reaction had an important effect on aldehydes and ketones. Environmental impact assessment results revealed that OVOCs and alkenes contributed significantly to OFP and OFP from large to small was as follows:industrial zone>scenic zone>traffic zone>comprehensive zone. The range of L·OH in each functional zone was 8.77-15.82 s-1, with isoprene contributing the most in the industrial zone and acetaldehyde contributing the most at other functional zones. The SOAFP of each functional zone was as follows:scenic zone>comprehensive zone>traffic zone>industrial zone. Toluene, m/p-xylene, and isoprene were the notable species. According to the health risk assessment of EPA, the HI of toxic VOCs in all functional zones was lower than 1, which was at an acceptable level. However, the number of days with HI>1 in industrial zones accounted for 42.86% of the total sampling days, indicating a high risk. The lifetime carcinogenic risk (LCR) of the traffic, comprehensive, industrial, and scenic zones were 1.83×10-5, 1.21×10-5, 1.85×10-5, and 1.63×10-5, respectively, which were all in grade Ⅲ of the rating system, indicating a high probability of cancer risk. Species with LCR greater than 10-6 were formaldehyde; acetaldehyde; 1,2-dibromoethane; 1,2-dichloroethane; 1,2-dichloropropane; and chloroform.

Clinical Study of Percutaneous Endoscopic Large-channel Fusion and Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion in the Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis.

Context: Degenerative changes in the lumbar spine more commonly cause spinal stenosis and with the aging of society, its incidence is on the rise. Endoscopic spinal surgery is a minimally invasive technique for decompression. The efficacy of percutaneous, endoscopic, large-channel fusion and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) need confirmation by more studies. Objective: The study intended to investigate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic large-channel fusion and TLIF in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, to find the best treatment plan. Design: The research team performed a retrospective study. Setting: The study took place at Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China. Participants: Participants were 100 patients with degenerative, lumbar, spinal stenosis who had been admitted to the hospital between October 2018 and October 2022. Intervention: The research team randomly divided participants into an intervention group and a control group, with 50 participants in each group. The intervention group received percutaneous, endoscopic, large-channel fusion and internal fixation, and the control group received foraminal, lumbar, interbody fusion. Outcome Measures: The research team measured: (1) perioperative indexes, (2) clinical efficacy at a postoperative follow-up at 6 months postintervention, (3) indexes for inflammatory responses at baseline and postintervention, (4) postoperative pain at baseline and at months 3 and 6 postintervention using a visual analog scale (VAS), (6) lumbar function at baseline and months 3 and 6 postintervention using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scale, and (7) complications. Results: Compared with the control group, the intervention group's perioperatively related and inflammatory-response indexes were significantly better: (1) amount of bleeding- 112.67 ± 17.38 for the control group and 78.62 ± 10.52 for the intervention group (P = .002); (2) volume of drainage-79.63 ± 14.21 for the control group and 52.18 ± 8.21 for the intervention group (P = .001); (3) ESR at baseline and postintervention-22.41 ± 5.62 and 15.18 ± 5.26, respectively, for the control group and 22.58 ± 5.82 and 10.54 ± 3.18, respectively, for the intervention group, with P = .013 postintervention; and (4) CRP at baseline and postintervention-17.42 ± 3.52 and 13.98 ± 3.65 for the control group, respectively, and 18.65 ± 3.78 and 10.14 ± 2.78 for the intervention group, with P = .008 postintervention; Also, compared to the control group, the intervention group's: (1) total effective rate was significantly higher (P = .018); (2) incidence of postoperative complications was significantly lower (P = .006); (3) VAS pain score was significantly lower at months 3 and 6, with P = .028 and P = .021, respectively; (4) Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) function score was significantly lower at months 3 and 6, with P = .016 and P = .014, respectively; and (5) postoperative JOA function score was significantly higher at months 3 and 6, with P = .011 and P = .007, respectively. Conclusions: Both percutaneous, endoscopic, large-channel fusion and TLIF had good therapeutic effects in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. However, compared with the latter, the former was more effective, with better comprehensive efficacy and more obvious benefits for patients, so it's worthy of clinical promotion and use.

Relationship between C2 slope with sagittal parameters and clinical function of degenerative cervical kyphosis.

PURPOSE: To explore the relationship between C2 slope with sagittal parameters and clinical function of degenerative cervical kyphosis (DCK). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 127 patients with degenerative cervical spondylosis treated in our spinal deformity center from January 2019 to June 2022. Patients were categorized into two groups and compared based on C2-7 angle (C2-7 ≥ 5° as kyphosis group, C2-7 < 5° as lordosis group). Pearson correlation or Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between C2S and conventional radiological parameters and health -related quality-of-life (HRQOL) outcomes as measured by the EuroQol 5 dimension questionnaire (EQ5D), NRS, and the neck disability index (NDI). The cutoff value of C2S was determined by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: There were 127 patients who met inclusion criteria (79 men and 48 women). Average 56.00 ± 10.27 years old (range 31-81 years old). C2S of kyphosis group is higher than non-kyphosis group. Aggravating cervical kyphosis increases cSVA positively. For all patients, C2S demonstrated a significant correlation with the O-C2 angle, C2-7 angle, cSVA, and TS-CL (p < 0.05). NRS, NDI and EQ5D-VAS scores revealed a significant correlation with C2S and cSVA (p < 0.01). For the subgroup of patients presenting with DCK, ROC curves demonstrated the cutoff values of C2S as 26.3°, and 30.5°, according to a cSVA of 40 mm, and severe disability expressed by NDI, respectively. CONCLUSION: On the basis of retaining the consistency of cranio-cervical and cervico-thoracic structure, C2S can better analyze the sagittal alignment of DCK patients than TS-CL and has good practicability in clinical application and HRQOL evaluation.

Effects of excitatory transcranial magnetic stimulation over the different cerebral hemispheres dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for post-stroke cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a significant health concern. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is considered a promising rehabilitation therapy for improving cognition, and the effects of excitatory TMS on PSCI have received much attention in recent years. However, the effects of different cerebral hemispheres on excitatory TMS treatment of cognitive impairment have not been studied. This review aimed to study the effects of excitatory TMS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of different cerebral hemispheres on the cognitive function of patients with PSCI. Methods: Literature published in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Wiley from inception to September 30, 2022, were searched. Two researchers independently performed literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. Furthermore, we conducted a meta-analysis using RevMan software (version 5.4) and rated the strength of evidence using GRADEpro. Results: A total of 19 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that excitatory TMS over the left hemisphere DLPFC was significantly better in improving global cognition (SMD = 2.26, 95% CI 1.67-2.86, P < 0.00001; vs. SMD = 2.53, 95% CI 1.86-3.20, P < 0.00001), memory (SMD = 1.29, 95% CI 0.72-1.87, P < 0.0001), attention (SMD = 2.32, 95% CI 1.64-3.01, P < 0.00001), executive (SMD = 0.64, 95% CI 0.21-1.07, P = 0.004), P300 latency (SMD = 2.69, 95% CI 2.13-3.25, P < 0.00001), and depression (SMD = 0.95, 95% CI 0.26-1.63, P = 0.007) than that of the control group, but the effect on improving activities of daily living (ADL) was unclear (P = 0.03 vs. P = 0.17). Subgroup analysis further showed that excitatory TMS over the right hemisphere DLPFC was effective in improving the global cognition of PSCI patients (P < 0.00001), but the stimulation effect over the ipsilateral hemisphere DLPFC was unclear (P = 0.11 vs. P = 0.003). Additionally, excitatory TMS over the ipsilateral hemisphere DLPFC showed no statistical difference in improving ADL between the two groups (P = 0.25). Conclusions: Compared to other hemispheric sides, excitatory TMS over the left hemisphere DLPFC was a more effective stimulation area, which can significantly improved the global cognitive function, memory, attention, executive, P300 latency, and depression in patients with PSCI. There was no apparent therapeutic effect on improving activities of daily living (ADL). In the future, more randomized controlled trials with large-sample, high quality, and follow-up are necessary to explore a usable protocol further. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42022369096.

Relationship Between the Expression of LC3 (Microtubule-Associated Protein 1A/1B-Light Chain 3) in Nasal Mucosa and Serum IL-5 and IL-4 Concentrations in Allergic Rhinitis Mice.

Objective: To investigate the expression and correlation of autophagy-related microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta LC3 and interleukin-5 IL-5 in allergic rhinitis AR. Methods: Fifty-six 7-week-old BALC/C mice were randomly divided into experimental group (n = 56) and control group (n = 8). The experimental group used Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) for AR modeling, and control group used PBS solution. As the experimental group sampled at 6 time points, and 8 mice were sacrificed each time, while the control group was sacrificed 24 hours after the last dose. The contents of serum IL-4, IL-5, and dust mite specific IgE HDM-sIgE in mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA, and the morphological changes of nasal mucosa were detected by a hematoxylin-eosin H&E staining. The expression of LC3 in mouse nasal mucosa was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between LC3 and IL-5 levels. Results: In AR mice modelled with dust mites, the serum levels of IL-4 and HDM-sIgE increased gradually, and the serum IL-5 concentration had a peak at the early intraperitoneal administration stage similar to that at the end of modelling. The LC3 level in nasal mucosa of AR mice modelled with dust mites increased gradually in the early stages, but stabilized in the later stages. The expression of LC3 level in nasal mucosa was a positively correlated ration between serum IL-5 level in AR mice. Conclusion: In the early stage of AR mice, the level of nasal mucosal autophagy and serum IL-5 levels were significantly increased and correlated, suggesting that nasal mucosal autophagy played a promoting role in the early stage of AR.

What Imaging Modality Is More Effective in Predicting Early Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Hepatectomy Using Radiomics Analysis: CT or MRI or Both?

BACKGROUND: It is of great importance to predict the early recurrence (ER) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy using preoperative imaging modalities. Nevertheless, no comparative studies have been conducted to determine which modality, CT or MRI with radiomics analysis, is more effective. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 119 HCC patients who underwent preoperative CT and MRI. A total of 3776 CT features and 4720 MRI features were extracted from the whole tumor. The minimum redundancy and maximum relevance algorithm (MRMR) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were applied for feature selection, then support vector machines (SVMs) were applied for model construction. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to construct combined models that integrate clinical-radiological-pathological (CRP) traits and radscore. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to compare the efficacy of CT, MRI, and CT and MRI models in the test cohort. RESULTS: The CT model and MRI model showed no significant difference in the prediction of ER in HCC patients (p = 0.911). RadiomicsCT&MRI demonstrated a superior predictive performance than either RadiomicsCT or RadiomicsMRI alone (p = 0.032, 0.039). The combined CT and MRI model can significantly stratify patients at high risk of ER (area under the curve (AUC) of 0.951 in the training set and 0.955 in the test set) than the CT model (AUC of 0.894 and 0.784) and the MRI model (AUC of 0.856 and 0.787). DCA demonstrated that the CT and MRI model provided a greater net benefit than the models without radiomics analysis. CONCLUSIONS: No significant difference was found in predicting the ER of HCC between CT models and MRI models. However, the multimodal radiomics model derived from CT and MRI can significantly improve the prediction of ER in HCC patients after resection.

A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study on hemodynamic changes of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness responding to different auditory stimuli.

Treating prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDoC) is challenging. Thus, accurate assessment of residual consciousness in patients with pDoC is important for the management and recovery of patients. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can be used to detect brain activity through changes of oxygenated hemoglobin/deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbO/HbR) concentrations changes and has recently gained increasing attention for its potential applications in assessing residual consciousness. However, the number of fNIRS studies assessing residual awareness in patients with pDoC is still limited. In this study, fNIRS was used to evaluate the brain function in 18 patients with pDoC, including 14 vegetative states (VS) and 4 minimally conscious states (MCS), and 15 healthy controls (HC). All participants accepted two types of external stimuli, i.e., active stimulation (motor imagery, MI) and passive stimulation (subject's own name, SON). The results showed that the mean concentrations of HbO/HbR in the prefrontal cortex of the HC during the passive stimulation were significantly lower than those of the active stimulation, and the fitting slope was high. However, the hemodynamic responses of the patients with pDoC were opposite to those of the HC. Additionally, the mean concentrations of HbO/HbR increased as the level of consciousness decreased during passive stimulation. Our findings suggest that the residual level of consciousness in pDoC patients can be assessed by measuring brain responses to different stimulations using fNIRS. The present study further demonstrates the feasibility and reliability of fNIRS in assessing residual consciousness in patients with pDoC, providing a basis for its expanded clinical application.

[Application of back-forward Bending CT localization image in the prediction of proximal junctional kyphosis after spinal deformity surgery in adults].

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of predicting proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) in adults after spinal deformity surgery based on back-forward Bending CT localization images and related predictive indicators. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for 31 adult patients with spinal deformity who underwent posterior osteotomy and long-segment fusion fixation between March 2017 and March 2020. There were 5 males and 26 females with an average age of 62.5 years (range, 30-77 years). The upper instrumented vertebrae (UIV) located at T 5 in 1 case, T 6 in 1 case, T 9 in 13 cases, T 10 in 12 cases, and T 11 in 4 cases. The lowest instrumented vertebrae (LIV) located at L 1 in 3 cases, L 2 in 3 cases, L 3 in 10 cases, L 4 in 7 cases, L 5 in 5 cases, and S 1 in 3 cases. Based on the full-length lateral X-ray film of the spine in the standing position before and after operation and back-forward Bending CT localization images before operation, the sagittal sequence of the spine was obtained, and the relevant indexes were measured, including thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), local kyphosis Cobb angle (LKCA) [the difference between the different positions before operation (recovery value) was calculated], kyphosis flexibility, hyperextension sagittal vertical axis (hSVA), T 2-L 5 hyperextension C 7-vertebral sagittal offset (hC 7-VSO), and pre- and post-operative proximal junctional angle (PJA). At last follow-up, the patients were divided into PJK and non-PJK groups based on PJA to determine whether they had PJK. The gender, age, body mass index (BMI), number of fusion segments, number of cases with coronal plane deformity, bone mineral density (T value), UIV position, LIV position, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, osteotomy grading, and related imaging indicators were compared between the two groups. The hC 7-VSO of the vertebral body with significant differences between groups was taken, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate its accuracy in predicting the occurrence of PJK. Results: All 31 patients were followed up 13-52 months, with an average of 30.0 months. The patient's PJA was 1.4°-29.0° at last follow-up, with an average of 10.4°; PJK occurred in 8 cases (25.8%). There was no significant difference in gender, age, BMI, number of fusion segments, number of cases with coronal plane deformity, bone mineral density (T value), UIV position, LIV position, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and osteotomy grading between the two groups ( P>0.05). Imaging measurements showed that the LL recovery value and T 8-L 3 vertebral hC 7-VSO in the PJK group were significantly higher than those in the non-PJK group ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in hyperextension TK, hyperextension LL, hyperextension LKCA, TK recovery value, LL recovery value, kyphosis flexibility, hSVA, and T 2-T 7, L 4, L 5 vertebral hC 7-VSO ( P>0.05). T 8-L 3 vertebral hC 7-VSO was analyzed for ROC curve, and combined with the area under curve and the comprehensive evaluation of sensitivity and specificity, the best predictive index was hC 7-L 2, the cut-off value was 2.54 cm, the sensitivity was 100%, and the specificity was 60.9%. Conclusion: Preoperative back-forward Bending CT localization image can be used to predict the occurrence of PJK after posterior osteotomy and long-segment fusion fixation in adult spinal deformity. If the patient's T 8-L 2 vertebral hC 7-VSO is too large, it indicates a higher risk of postoperative PJK. The best predictive index is hC 7-L 2, and the cut-off value is 2.54 cm.

Corrigendum: Functional networks in prolonged disorders of consciousness.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1113695.].